Oct 02, 2007 the highstrength magnetic field traps the electrons, causing them to form into a circling ring at the downstream end of the thruster channel. Comparisons in performance of electromagnet and permanent. These thrusters use the electricity from solar arrays to make the thruster s cathode give off electrons. James szabo1, bruce pote,2 rachel tedrake,3 surjeet paintal,4 lawrence byrne,5 vlad hruby,6 busek co. Properly determining the size and predicting the performance of a halleffect thruster het is an essential process in the early phase of thruster design. Hall thrusters have had a curious and long history. Hall effect thruster surface properties investigation by david george zidar a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the missouri university of science and technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in aerospace engineering 2011 approved by j. These electric propulsion devices are capable of specific impulses ranging from.
Performance investigation of a hightemperature and power. The hall effect is the most common method of measuring magnetic field and the hall effect sensors are very popular. It was used in the smart1 mission to the moon and two geostationary satellites. Jahn, 1968 for v e above 10,000 ms, a propulsion system needs. Halleffect thruster surface properties investigation. When the us was beginning to investigate the gridded ion drive, the soviet union was investigating the hall effect thruster het. In some countries this may not be legally possible. In addition, hets can achieve an i sp of up to 3000 seconds.
A version of this seemingly impossible device is used on a larger scale to propel deep space probes for nasa. Aug 27, 2015 an ion thruster produces a flow of air even though it has no moving parts. In spacecraft propulsion, a halleffect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. The system is expected to reduce significantly the power processing, complexity, weight, and cost over conventional. Due to their large inertia, the ions are not magnetized, and stream out of the device. Thanks to their high specific impulse and proven reliability, hets are also employed for space exploration esa smart1. Plasma thrusters are famous for their fuel efficiency. One of the most practical forms of electric propulsion is the hall effect thruster het, which makes use of electric and magnetic fields to create and eject a plasma. Dec 30, 2015 in this video we will learn what is hall effect and how hall effect sensors work. Experimental validation tests were completed using the p5 thruster 68, a 5 kw xe hall effect thruster het, and demonstrated that the thrust from the p5 inferred from measurements made with a plasma impact force sensor pmfs agree very closely with the thrust measurements made by a conventional inverted. The working xenon gas is heated and ionized by nuclear energy. Hall effect plural hall effects physics the effect in which a conductor that carries an electric current perpendicular to an applied magnetic field develops a. Development of an annular micro hall effect thruster and halbach permanent magnet arrays in hall effect thrusters by matthew lamar warren richard d.
Pdf characterization results acquired on a laboratory model of high specific impulse hall effect thruster operating in the power range of. The hall effect thruster het shown in figure 1, is a relatively simple type of ep device. A threeyear program to develop a direct drive hall effect thruster d2het system began 15 months ago as part of the nasa advanced crossenterprise technology development initiative. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. The advantage to this system over others is that you need only an electrical source to power the device and it has no moving parts so it is almost unbreakable. Using a small number of components to produce an exb field, an het can accelerate ions to extremely high velocities to provide thrust. As the electrons bombard an inert propellant gas, they strip additional electrons from atoms and molecules to produce positively charged ions. Olcmen subhadra gupta a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in the department of aerospace engineering. Hall current e x b drift movement of charged particles electroninduced hall current for effective confinement of electron motion, electron hall parameter must be much larger than 1 hall parameter gyrofrequency x mean free time electron e b e x b direction electron motion hall current electron motion with. The hall thruster derives its name from this flow of electrons, called the hall current after dr. Hall thruster a serious contender to get humans to mars. Plasma is an electrically neutral gas in which all positive and negative chargesfrom neutral atoms, negatively charged electrons, and positively charged ionsadd up to zero.
Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. This is a very similar concept in many ways to the ion drive, in that it uses the electrostatic effect to accelerate propellant, but the mechanism is very different. Extremely high temperature of an insulated gas stream or direct acceleration by applied body forces ep thrusters are very fuel efficient due to high exhaust velocity v e. Plasma oscillations and operational modes in hall effect thrusters. Pdf the total operation time of a hall effect thruster het, i. This paper provides the description of the development approach and the status of the project. The technique is much cleaner, safer and more fuel. The nasa overview is short and easy to read, so theres no need to reexplain how the thruster works. Build an ionic thruster like nasa uses for space propulsion. Uniform and nonuniform magnetic field configurations were examined. Finlay mcwalter grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. One thruster uses electromagnet coils to produce the magnetic field within. The hall effect is the most common method of measuring magnetic field and the hall effect. Impact of propellant species on hall effect thruster.
Hall effect thrusters are one of the primary propulsion systems for sep missions. Hall thruster and vasimr vx100 force measurements using a. See press release 4262017 gravity wave testbed repurposed as comet dust collector. Pinero glenn research center, cleveland, ohio peter y. The process starts with a current of electrons spiraling through a circular channel. In order to better understand the behavior and source of this behavior, it was decided that studying the isolated behavior of a single thruster would prove more feasible and could better isolate the effect and its source. The diagnostics and the hall thruster propulsion systems are described in detail along with lists of tabular data from those diagnostics and propulsion system and other satellite systems. High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space. The diagnostic equipment from which these data were taken includes electric field strength sensors, ion current and energy sensors, and pressure sensors. For thrusters of its design power, 200 kilowatts, it is relatively small and light. Investigation of the hall effect thruster breathing mode and. This paper discusses a detailed computational analysis that illustrated the influences of the magnetic field and external potential on the performance of a hightemperature hall effect electric thruster.
High performance power module for hall effect thrusters luis r. Hall effect thrusters hall thrusters generate thrust by creating and accelerating ionized gas via magnetic and electrostatic fields. High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space exploration. Development of a direct drive hall effect thruster system. Hall effect thruster interactions data from the russian. Conventional thrusters hollow cathode thruster, hall thruster, arc discharge high impulse, low thrust efficient relatively inexpensive and safe. Nasas x3 ion thruster smashes records in test firings. Very highpower halleffect thruster for exploration, sitael is developing, designing, manufacturing and testing a new 20kw class hall effect thruster, the ht20k, together with the associated high current hollow cathode, the hc60. The numerical simulation of a high power hall effect thruster. Interactions within a cluster of low power hall thrusters. Three different lowpower cylindrical hall thrusters, which more readily lend themselves to miniaturization and lowpower operation than a conventional annular hall thruster, are compared to evaluate the propulsive performance of each.
Both the hall effect thruster and the gridded ion engine are classified as electrostatic thrusters and operate on heavy noble gases, primarily xenon. Media in category hall effect thrusters the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. What is hall effect and how hall effect sensors work. Dalton waldock, briarcliff high school jordan neuhoff. For the power limited orbit topping mission, the choice of thruster is. Pdf 3d simulations of a magnetized hall effect thruster plume. Pps50 is a hall effect thruster, a kind of ion propulsion system for spacecraft. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative. V missions, quickly gaining acceptance for leo applications as well. To expand on the discussion in this question, there are at least two circumstances where a hall thruster is a much better choice than a chemical rocket. Ht20k offers a favourable combination of performance, reliability, and lifetime for a variety of applications in future space transportation and exploration programs, as well as private commercial space missions. Busek is a leader in hall thruster development, culminating in the flight of the first usbased hall thruster on tacsat2 and recent launch of falconsat5. The basic principles underlying the operation of different types of plasma devices, including selffield and appliedfield magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, as well as hall effect thrusters, are.
A hall thruster works by accelerating the plasma exhaust to extremely high speeds. Nasa evolutionary xenon thruster next ion thruster in operation. This work has been released into the public domain by its author, finlay mcwalter. It is whats known as a hall thruster, which uses electric and magnetic fields to ionize gases like xenon and expels the ions to produce thrust. The effect is manipulated and measured in the functioning of many electronic devices including joysticklike controls, compasses in smartphones, magnetometers, sensors and currentmeasuring devices. The program follows a typical finite element based method using the maxwells equations to compute the resulting flux at each node. Pdf scaling approach for subkilowatt halleffect thrusters. Pdf hall effect thruster with high specific impulse researchgate.
The description of hall thruster physics cannot be complete without some discussion of the. Clustering of hall effect thrusters for highpower electric propulsion applications by brian eric beal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy aerospace engineering at the university of michigan 2004 doctoral committee. However, hall thrusters rely on much more complicated physics than ion. Development of an annular microhalleffect thruster and halbach permanent magnet arrays in halleffect thrusters by matthew lamar warren richard d. Bowers akima corporation, fairview park, ohio prepared for the 38th joint propulsion conference and exhibit cosponsored by aiaa, asme, sae, and asee.
The ions are generated through electronimpact ionization of xenon neutrals. Pdf hall effect thruster erosion mechanism and the thruster. The hall effect causes a measurable voltage differential across the conductor such that one side is positively charged and the other negatively. A threedimensional hybrid picfluid code is used to simulate a hall effect thruster plume, starting from a known injection profile at the annular exit section. High performance power module for hall effect thrusters. This work studied and presented a highpower halleffect electric propulsion thruster.
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